| Member state | Indicative max fine | Enforcement notes |
|---|---|---|
| France | €250,000 | €5,000–250,000; +€25,000/yr for a missing accessibility statement. First EAA suits filed Nov 2025; Carrefour ordered (Jun 2026) to remediate site + app within 6 months under daily penalty. |
| Germany | €100,000 | Up to €100,000 per violation under the BFSG. Market-surveillance authorities can order withdrawal of non-compliant services. |
| Sweden | €900,000 | Penalty fees reported up to ~€900,000 depending on turnover and severity. |
| Ireland | €60,000 | Fines up to €60,000 and, in serious cases, potential criminal liability for officers. |
| Netherlands | €100,000 | Active enforcement scaling up in H2 2026; orders subject to penalty payments (dwangsom). |
| Spain | €1,000,000 | Under the general disability law framework, serious infringements can reach up to €1,000,000. |
| Italy | €40,000 | Up to 5% of turnover in some cases; fixed penalties commonly cited around €40,000. |
| 28 Jun 2025 | EAA obligations became enforceable across all 27 member states. |
| Nov 2025 | First EAA website-accessibility lawsuits filed in France. |
| Jun 2026 | French court orders Carrefour to make its site + app accessible within 6 months, under daily penalty. |
| H2 2026 | Netherlands and further member states scale up active audits and enforcement. |
Ordered by legal/UX severity × prevalence. Fixing the top rows removes the most exposure fastest.
| # | Severity | Issue (WCAG) | Elements | Recommended fix |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Serious | color-contrastElements must have sufficient colour contrast WCAG 1.4.3 |
37 2 pages |
Raise text/background contrast to ≥ 4.5:1 (≥ 3:1 for large text). ref |
| 2 | Critical | image-altImages must have alternate text WCAG 1.1.1 |
14 2 pages |
Add descriptive alt text to informative images; use empty alt="" for decorative ones. ref |
| 3 | Serious | link-nameLinks must have discernible text WCAG 4.1.2, 2.4.4 |
11 1 page |
Ensure links have discernible text; avoid bare icon links with no label. ref |
| 4 | Critical | labelForm elements must have labels WCAG 4.1.2, 1.3.1 |
4 1 page |
Associate every form input with a <label> or aria-label. ref |
| 5 | Critical | button-nameButtons must have discernible text WCAG 4.1.2 |
3 1 page |
Give every button an accessible name (visible text, aria-label, or aria-labelledby). ref |
| 6 | Moderate | heading-orderHeading levels should only increase by one WCAG 1.3.1 |
5 1 page |
Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order (h1→h2→h3). ref |
| 7 | Critical | select-nameSelect elements must have an accessible name WCAG 4.1.2 |
2 1 page |
Give every <select> an accessible name via a label. ref |
| 8 | Critical | aria-required-attrRequired ARIA attributes must be provided WCAG 4.1.2 |
2 1 page |
Add the ARIA attributes required by the element's role. ref |
| 9 | Moderate | regionAll page content should be contained by landmarks |
4 1 page |
Wrap all content in landmarks so screen-reader users can navigate. ref |